Research Paper on Illegal Immigration Essay

Illegal immigration has become a huge issue in the United States, it is estimated that there are about twelve million illegal immigrants living in the U. S. today and that number is growing larger every day. This issue has caused multiple social, economic, safety, and law issues within the country. The state and federal government is using billions of dollars on things such as school, welfare, and medical and receiving minimal or no money in return simply because they are giving out the money to illegal immigrants who do not pay taxes to help fund things. Even though illegal immigrants help the economy, take low paying jobs, and improve the overall image of America, the U. S. must not allow any persons who enter this country illegally to stay in this country because, the illegal immigrants create social, economic, safety, and law issues for the country. The United States has a long history of immigration from different countries. People first started immigrating to the U. S. in around the year 1815. â€Å"Between the year 1815 and 1915 it is estimated that thirty million Europeans arrived into the United States† (Willis par. 1). Once people started immigrating to this country is when the problems started to begin regarding illegal immigration. People of the time wanted to get into, and be a part of this country they just did not want to do it the correct way. Charles Willis stated, â€Å"During the large wave of immigration the U. S. limited the number of people allowed to enter the U. S. , and a certain amount from each country. However the door was left open for Mexicans, who even then were desired by employers for their cheap labor. As history would show, this legal immigration led to illegal immigration† (par. ). This is when illegal immigration is believed to have begun. Furthermore, there are more facts in history about illegal immigration taking place. For example, a L. A. Times story from April 1926 noted that many of the ranch workers in California’s Imperial Valley entered the U. S. illegally without paying the fee or passing the literacy test (Gheen par. 6). Because of all the immigration, both legal and illegal, the government needed to do something to be able to control what was going on, therefore between 1882 and 1917 the U. S. government introduced laws regulating immigration. Immigration legal and illegal did not just occur in history, but is a current event in the United States today. Illegal immigration has become a larger problem in modern times than it ever was in the history of this country. It is estimated that there are twelve million total illegal immigrants residing in the United States (Miller 11). It is also estimated that 1 to 1. 5 million immigrants enter the U. S. each year, and of that million 850,000 people are believed to be illegal (Miller 12). All the people entering the country illegally can cause an abundance of problems. There are only a certain number of immigrants allowed into the country each year. All the people coming to the country illegally count as part of that number. The illegal immigrants that come to this country take up spots for immigrants that want to come here the legal way. That is not the only problem they cause either. Illegal immigrants use up government expenditures. According to William Gheen, â€Å"Undocumented workers do not generally pay income taxes but do use schools and government services, they are seen as a drain on government spending† (par. 8). Illegal immigrants also take up jobs that legal citizens of this country may desperately need that job. This country has been going through times where it has been hard for people to find jobs, if illegal immigrants had not taken some of these jobs it would have been easier for the citizens of this country to find a job. Illegal immigration is still a problem in modern times. Even though there are many bad aspects to illegal immigration there are also some positive sides of it. Although illegal immigration has negative aspects, it also has some positive aspects as well. For example, illegal immigrants help the economy. The money that illegal immigrants spend on goods and services in their local communities and around the state, â€Å"reverberates throughout the whole economy, creates more jobs, more spending and more revenue, the economic benefit far outweighs any cost on the fiscal side† (Gheen par. 12). A 2007 study on immigrants in Arkansas found that the total economic impact of Arkansas’ one hundred thousand, fifty one percent undocumented, on the state economy is nearly three billion dollars (Willis par. 5). Texas comptroller study found that the one million four hundred thousand undocumented immigrants living in Texas in 2005 contributed 17. billion dollars to the state economy (Willis par. 5). Illegal immigrants also take low paying jobs. Most Americans do not like to wash dishes, bust tables, and mop floors, but those are jobs that need to be done. Employers always have trouble finding regular employees to do that kind of work, which is also usually low paying. Americans are not willing to work them whereas the illegal immigrants are. When businesses have trouble filling positions of low skill jobs they only have two choices, raise the wage rate high enough to fill jobs or eliminate positions (Gheen par. 4). Businesses must then raise the prices of their items to make up the difference. Higher prices that the customers of those businesses will end up paying for. Illegal immigration also improves the overall image of America. No other country in the world has the diversity of races, religions, and cultures as America does. America brings together all sorts of different people around the world. Diversity in a country brings less prejudice against people and helps to introduce new ideas, perspectives, music, food, entertainment, strengths and skills. Other countries do not have a good image of Americans, allowing them to see all the good things this country has to offer helps Americas overall image (Willis par. 7). There are multiple positive aspects to illegal immigration. Even though there are some positive things about illegal immigration there are still lots of negative aspects as well. Illegal immigration brings lots of problems to this country. Firstly, illegal immigration allows more opportunities for terrorists, drug deals, and criminals to enter the country. When people come into the country illegally police cannot monitor what is being brought into our country. They cannot do a background check to see if any persons who come have criminal records or could pose a potential threat to the country. Illegal immigration is linked to drug smuggling, murder, and other crimes which threaten the safety of Americans. Jim Kouri said, â€Å"In the population study of 55,322 illegal aliens, researchers found that all together they were arrested at least 459,614 times, averaging eight arrests per illegal alien. Nearly all had more than one arrest. Thirty eight percent, about twenty one thousand had between two and five arrests. Thirty two percent, about eighteen thousand, had between six and ten arrests, and twenty six percent, about fifteen thousand, had eleven or more arrests† (par. 11). Illegal immigrants commit multitudes of crimes which make the city or the area they are living in unsafe for the citizens in that city. Secondly, Illegal immigrants consume high amounts of government resources. Most illegal aliens occupy low income employment and are more affected by downturns of the economy, which in turn puts them into welfare services which the government pays for. Undocumented workers do not usually pay income taxes but use government services, these people are seen as a drain in government spending. The government spends one hundred and thirteen billion dollars on outlays for services and benefits for illegal aliens and their families (Morrow 137). Education for children of illegal aliens represents the single largest expenditure at an annual cost of fifty two billion dollars, which is nearly all payed for by the state and local government (Morrow 138). Illegal immigrants also take up low income easy jobs for less skilled Americans. U. S. itizens receive less job opportunities because they have to compete with illegal aliens. The U. S. citizens pay back the government resources they use by paying taxes, whereas the illegal aliens do not refund the government there money. That is another reason the government should not allow any illegal immigrant to stay in this country. The last reason why the government should not allow illegal immigrants to stay in this country is they encourage more illegal aliens to enter the country. Once a couple people are here illegally they will often try to bring their family over to the country as well. It has been said that, â€Å"Immigration has a chain effect, in which people move to the U. S. , acquire legal status and later bring in more family members either legally or illegally† (Miller 18). People entering the country illegally and being allowed to stay here without any repercussions encourages more people to do the same. â€Å"Failure to punish illegal activity encourages more illegal activity, emboldens crimes, breeds public cynicism, and discourages others from obeying laws† (Miller 19). Illegal activity unpunished threatens American values of law and order. Illegal aliens abuse the generosity and compassion of the American people. Illegal immigration brings nothing but bad things to America. The United States government needs to overcome the problem of illegal immigration. Although there are some good aspects to it such as the illegal aliens will take unwanted low paying jobs that Americans will not work, and how diversity and acceptance of different types of people improve the overall image of America the negatives simply outweigh the positives. For example the illegal aliens can bring whatever they want into the country without anyone knowing what they brought or their background which can potentially pose a threat to American Citizens. Illegal immigrants are a drain of government money because they typically do not pay taxes which pays for all the services they use. They take away job opportunities for Americans to have, and by coming into the country it encourages other people to try to sneak into the country illegally. In order to stop illegal immigration from continuing, the government needs to put more people onto border control so they can monitor and stop more illegal aliens from entering our country.

Disney vs. Imane Boudlal Essay

Disneyland vs. Imane Boudlal HISTORY Disneyland is very large 160 acre amusement park located in Anaheim CA. Disneyland was created by Walt Disney on July 17, 1955, Walt Disney wanted to create a magical place where parents with children could go to the same place and have just as much fun as their children. Walt Disney had the vision that he wanted Disneyland to be like a fantasy land where dreams could come to life. Disneyland is a 17. 5 million dollar magic kingdom. Even though the park was a very expensive project, â€Å"I could never convince the financiers that Disneyland was feasible, because dreams offer too little collateral† said Walt Disney. Since Disney was a very expensive project, Walt Disney had some support from his own television show on ABC; it was called Walt Disney’s Disneyland. The TV series offered sneak peeks about the future Disneyland project before it was even finished. It took a full year of hard work to finish the project. Disneyland is well-known for having a strict employee dress code called â€Å"the Disney look†. This dress code was introduced to new employees in 1955 prior to the amusement park opening. Disneyland also calls their employees â€Å"cast members† in order to keep the magical theme going. The Disney look has changed over time, but yet also remained true to offering wholesome family entertainment in one of the world’s top vacation destination. To work at Disneyland, the potential cast member must first agree and understand the policy prior to being hired.

First Term Paper - Why I know I am not in the Matrix

First - Why I know I am not in the Matrix - Term Paper Example As a means of integrating with the plot and philosophical subthemes of The Matrix, this particular analysis will seek to engage the reader with a well balanced understanding for why it is obvious that the life that each and every individual experiences is not a type of virtual or coded reality. In order to integrate with the question of what is â€Å"real† and what is â€Å"a subjective viewpoint†, it is necessary to discuss the way in which the theme of The Matrix can adequately be defined with respect to the way in which Descartes discussed reality and what made humans certain of anything. Descartes viewed the subjectivity of the human experience, the question of reality, and the fact that no understanding or knowledge – even any expectation – could be made with regards to the existence of something beyond our own world. However, rather than letting this be a determination for the fact that all reality is subjective and could possibly be a clever illusio n on the part of a twisted higher power, Descartes determined that the best approach to this question of reality was the famous quote, â€Å"I think therefore I am†. ... In other words, if in fact some type of computer simulation of reality helped to define the world and laid a framework for the way in which humans thought and interacted with one another, it is only logical to assume that this very same construct would not allow for independent thought with regards to considering the truth of reality. Thus, utilizing this train of logic, the individual can firmly come to an understanding that if in fact a computer simulation, far and above beyond the capabilities of humans to infer, understand, or replicate, was indeed somehow invisibly in charge of the dynamics of our own reality, any such doubt and/or consideration for such a fact would be highly discourage and ruled insane (Johnsen 227). However, as has been noted in the past several decades, consideration for such a topic has not been distanced to the outer realms of possibility and in fact has even been represented to the individual participant within society in the form of movies, artwork, grap hic novels, and discussions within the philosophical community. Another reason why the individual should not integrate with the belief that the â€Å"brain is in a vat† or that all reality is merely a construct that is carefully designed is the fact that such an approach is inherently non-falsifiable (Smoyak 9). Naturally, even a cursory level of understanding with regards to the scientific method or philosophical understanding should lead the individual to understand that a non-falsifiable theory is in and of itself unacceptable. The ultimate reason for this is that each and every theory must be able to stand upon its merit and not based upon a caveat of inherent truth. In such a way, the belief that all

God the Communicator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

God the Communicator - Essay Example He also presents in the article that through Jesus’ deeds in His earthly living, healing, feeding, comforting and restoring life, He communicates to His people in action as well (Fjeldstad, 2010). God as the Holy Spirit is also a Communicator, as He guides us in our daily lives, and reveals God’s message to us. In the article God is manifested as a Communicator in His totality. The apostle Paul as cited in the article is a wonderful example of a Christian communicating to God and for God. There is a need for every Christian to understand that he is a communicator, tasked to share the gospel to other people (Fjeldstad, 2010). As God is a Communicator in action, so must Christians convey God’s message, not merely through speaking the good news to others, but to be testimonies of Him, keeping in mind what Kraft states that â€Å"the messenger himself/herself is the major component of the total message,† thus â€Å"we are a major part of the message that we seek to communicate† (as cited in Fjeldstad, 2010). Indeed, communication, which is the ability to express oneself, is God’s gift to humanity (Fjeldstad, 2010). Individuals, particularly Christians should see the vitality of communication in their living. By giving importance to this gift, Christians are able to convey the truth, share the gospel, and save souls unto the Lord. Also through the use of this gift, God Himself can unveil His timely revelation to His people. By communication Christians understand the purpose of their existence, not merely as beings to enjoy the gift of life God has bestowed, but to fulfill the duty to be stewards over His creation, to be His testimony, and to be instruments for the acceptance of souls to receive Him as the

Adversarial System vs Inquisitorial System Essay

Adversarial System vs Inquisitorial System - Essay Example They state that after one side of the proceedings wins the case, there is always a sense of closure for those who have been involved in the case. Moreover, it is always rare to find anyone who has any grievance concerning how the proceedings took place, because they believe that justice has been done. On the other hand, the proponents of the inquisitorial judicial system often state that this system is more suitable because it caters for social change as well as ensuring the creation of an efficient policy for court proceedings. This creates an environment where cases are dealt with swiftly and efficiently, and because the court has a hand in the investigations, it is a rare thing for false evidence to be presented. Moreover, the inquisitorial proceedings help ensure that the cost of legal proceedings remains low, because the court caters for the expenditure of the investigations being carried out (Ringnalda 120). When one closely considers these systems, one would say that the inqui sitorial system is more efficient in dealing with cases than adversarial system. In this paper, we shall analyze both of these systems and their application in various situations, assessing their strengths and weaknesses. The adversarial system is a judicial system that involves two opposing parties being represented by advocates, who defend the position of these parties before a group of people who are considered objective. In most of the cases handled under an adversarial system, the divergent parties present their cases before a judge for arbitration. This system is quite different from the inquisitorial system, where a judge, or a group of them, has a direct hand in the investigation of the cases, which have been brought before them. This is an advantage over the inquisitorial system because in such a system, there is always likelihood that the judge may be impartial in making decisions concerning the case. Consequently, the judge may end up making a decision in favor of the par ty to which he or she is partial. This is not the case in an adversarial system because the purpose of the judge is to listen to the proceedings and make a balanced decision based on the evidence presented by the parties involved. In this system, it does not matter which side is correct as long as the evidence presented gives an advantage to one party. The adversarial system is used in almost every country that practices common law, although there are exceptions in some instances, especially where the common law cannot be applied. This system has a structure of two sides, one dedicated to the defense, while the other is dedicated to the prosecution. The structure operates in a way that puts the defense against the prosecution, and the side that is able to make the more convincing argument ends up winning the case. This structure is set up in a way that justice is only achieved when the side with the best argument wins, despite the fact that the side that wins may be in the wrong. Th erefore, it is the task either of both the defense and the prosecution to convince a judge or in some cases a jury, that they are right. It is for the jury to decide which side has given a more convincing argument, and come up with a verdict (â€Å"Adversarial and Inquisitorial Legal Systems†). This is not the case in an inquisitorial system, because the parties involved might feel that they are at the mercy of the judge presiding over the case. Such a situation would make these parties not to be confident in the legal proceedings. They might feel that the judge might not have their best interests at heart when making decisions. Another advantage which the adversarial sys

Compare Hatshepsut's obelisk(s) with the Harburg Monument in Germany Essay

Compare Hatshepsut's obelisk(s) with the Harburg Monument in Germany within the cultural context of each artifact - Essay Example The pharaohs erected the monuments to depict their reign showing a form of stability and continuity of the kingdom. The pyramid shaped top, pyramidion reflected the light to indicate the power of their ancient god, Ra to make a reflection to the land. Ancient Egyptians were intensely religious and believed in connection with the supernatural erecting symbols to honor the presence of the gods. In their efforts to create continuity of their rule, the pharaohs erected their personalized obelisk to glorify specific events. In the individual faces of the monolith, there were inscriptions that were made to glorify the pharaoh that erected the obelisk. In this monument, Hatshepsut features the story of her fathers that she honors Thutmose and Amun, dedicating the inscriptions to their memories (Seawright). This structure had been erected to indicate the strong belief in the traditions and honor outstanding societal members that acted as peace symbols. The monuments acted as unifying figures for the ancient Egyptian reminding them the value of upholding respect and discipline (Strouhal, 180). With the rule of the pharaohs, there was the order in the society as the people believed in serving their rulers and the gods would offer them blessings in turn. Today, fragments of the fallen obelisk are found at the MFA, Boston. The monument depicts a king carrying out a momentous event in the Egyptian culture that involved appeasing the gods through offering sacrifice. The female pharaoh of Egypt carried the routine of the society and the entire kingdom by honoring the religious entity of the tribe and ensured continuity of this meaning incised in the famous structure (Brand, 160). The piece, made out of graphite represent an inscription in the obelisk that relayed the god Amun and the figure of the head can be clearly seen. This had been one side of the fallen obelisk that Hatshepsut had erected in honor of their religion and to establish her rule as a dominant female pharaoh who managed to rule the Egyptians during her time. Today, the monument represents a rich tradition and symbol of the grand Egyptian kingdom that unified its individuals to uphold religion and authority. This particular monument is notable because it was erected by a famous personality of the ancient Egypt. The pharaoh ensured that the memory of the famed events in the Egyptian calendar are upheld and remembered through precise inscriptions to deliver the memories of her rule. Egyptian art was not only beautifully precise in nature, but the inscriptions had a meaning and purpose in this case religion and culture. Through visiting museums like MFA and the actual site to view the obelisk, an individual is able to revisit the ancient Egyptian history and be informed of the principal unifying figure. Image retrieved from: http://womenshistory.about.com/od/hatshepsut/ig/Hatshepsut-Female-Pharaoh/Obelisk-of-Hatshepsut.htm Hamburg Monument in Germany German artists Jochen Gerz and Esther Sh alev were accorded the responsibility to erect a monument that upheld the societal values of peace and anti-fascism to be introduced to the German society. The monument was initially intended to be placed in a fancy park to be viewed by the citizens, an attribute that the two refused erecting their piece in a

The Ethics of Consumers Engaging in Ethical Purchases Essay

The Ethics of Consumers Engaging in Ethical Purchases - Essay Example Brief Summary of the Topic Various scholars have studied consumer ethics in different perspectives. Newman (2011) studied them and explained that those consumers who try to make ethical purchases only to realize they were duped may become cynical and feel their efforts were futile. DaVinney et al. (2010) studied them in terms of consumer social behaviors while Nicholls & Opal (2005) studied the way they drive market and thus influencing fair-trade. According to Carrigan (2005), Consumer ethics are the moral principles that guide consumers in obtaining, using, and disposing of goods and services. These consumer ethics help us to understand how consumers make their judgment about products or services in questionable situations like fraud and shoplifting. The ethics helps consumers to conduct themselves in a way that help them remain in harmony with concerns of nature while not neglecting the needs and interests of their social reality and their immediate and material needs (Koslowski e t al 2004). These ethics can also help consumers to avoid unhealthy products and services and those products, which might pollute the environment. According to Schwartz (2010), it is necessary for consumers to consider the moral and ethical dimension of the products when making a purchase. However, there are very few who do so. In this era, what people say and what they actually do when shopping differ greatly (Miller 2001). Moreover, it is somehow very difficult to avoid unethical purchases completely and as a result, few people in the current world buy products and services purely on ethics. In most cases people tend to make emotional decisions based on the perception they have for a product or service when making a purchase (Arnold 2010). A good example of people who make ethical purchases are those who choose to buy a product that is labeled fair-trade because of their concern for the developing countries. Another good example is people who buy product because of the role they p lay in conserving the environment (Harrison et al. 2005). Various factors are believed to influence the consumer ethics. Some of these factors include culture, social-economic status, and religion (Carrigan 2005). Many scholars have studied these factors and tried to explain the roles they play in influencing a consumer to make an ethical purchase. It is also believed that when making an ethical purchase the consumer does not have to ignore other factors of the product or service like price and quality (Harrison et al. 2005). In this case, what a consumer should do is to use an additional criterion of ethics when deciding his purchases. Consider the Topic from the Views of at least Two Competing Ethical Perspectives We can consider the issue of consumer ethics from various different perspectives. One of these perspectives is when it comes to purchasing food staffs. In such a case, consumers are bound by various factors when deciding which product to buy. With the current development in economy and technology, various types of synthetic foodstuffs have emerged. These foodstuffs are promoted even in our media. Also due to competition of the sorts of foodstuffs in the market, no company can dare to tell the consumers the disadvantage of their products. The kind of

Unit 6, Four Law Questions Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 6, Four Law Questions - Article Example The Exclusionary Rule interrogates whether these rights were violated while finding evidence. 2) To disallow a search which no judge allowed in the first place: A search warrant must be authorized by a judge. 3) To deter the police: The Exclusionary Rule helps to deter police from using unconstitutional methods to obtain evidence. Elements Of Subjective Test: The defendant’s state of mind. If this is questionable, the evidence may be rendered inadmissible. 2) The willingness of the defendant to participate in the crime must also be adequately proven by the prosecution. Objective Test: Looks at whether the defendant committed the crime due to pressure from government agents or whether government agents persuaded the person into committing the crime. It also explores the possibility of the person not being ready and willing to commit the crime until such a time when the governments agents interacted (Samaha, 2011).. Four Tasks for the judge: 1) Presiding over the hearing and ensuring that that order is maintained. 2) Determine the legality or otherwise of any evidence presented 3) The judge issues instructions before any deliberations begin and cites the law relevant to the case and the standards it must meet. Finally, in case of bench trials, the judge scrutinizes the facts and decides on the way forward for the case. Preliminary Hearings and Grand Jury Review: Basically, a preliminary hearing is taken as an adversarial hearing. On the other hand, a grand jury is a private proceeding that listens to the case of the prosecution without the participation of the defense. Preliminary hearings are also presided over by the judge while the grand jury managed by the

GLOBAL CORPORATE STRATEGY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

GLOBAL CORPORATE STRATEGY - Assignment Example Google and Apple introduced Android and iOS operating systems, which provided greater functionality and app support than Nokia’s Symbian. As a result, Android and iOS gained larger market shares than Nokia within less than four years after they were introduced. Nokia lost its position as the leading smartphone company in the world. The alliance between Nokia and Microsoft did not achieve the intended purposes. Rather than help Nokia to regain market share, the alliance resulted in Nokia losing more market share as the Microsoft Phone OS started losing market share to Android and iOS. Ultimately, Nokia decided to sell off its devices business to Microsoft, marking the exit of Nokia from the smartphone industry. The failure of the Nokia-Microsoft alliance was based on various factors including poor leadership, organizational culture, and structure. The business environment is continually changing (Stangler, D. 2012). These constant changes influence industries and companies in various ways (Jain, Trehan & Trehan, n.d.: 16). Within the high-tech industry, the increase and emergence of new challenges such as declining growth, growing competition, and globalization have necessitated the integration and collaboration of the industry at the global level (Saksena, 2009: 1-2).In the recent past, major integrations and collaborations have been witnessed in the global smartphone industry. One such integration was involved Nokia and Microsoft Inc., which resulted in the two tech giants working together in the smartphone industry. In 2011, the two companies entered into a partnership where Nokia would produce its high end smartphones, Lumia, which would run on Microsoft’s Windows operating system. The partnership was motivated by Nokia’s threat of losing market share after the entry of new competitors including Google Inc. and Apple Inc. The entry of these new competitors into the smartphone sector resulted in

American Born Chinese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Born Chinese - Essay Example They are intended to change the whole viewpoint that the readers have about that particular scenario. These writings are always radical in nature and tend to convince the reader to see things from the same viewpoint. One such text is American Born Chinese, a 2008 graphic novel by Gene Luen Yang and Lark Pien that contains a great deal of protest. It can be easily noticed in the plot development of the story, and this will be the basis of discussion in this paper. The story begins with the monkeys hanging on the trees; generally, one would say that this is the nature of monkeys. They are supposed to live on trees. However, according to Yang, there is one monkey, the king of monkeys that has ruled the other monkeys for many years. At this time, he has mastered the ways of the gods; these ways are the eight Kung-fu disciplines. As a result of his reaching, he yearns to leave the monkeys behind and join the ranks of the gods. This is the first act of protest that we encounter. One could comfortably say that it is part of monkeys’ nature to stay on trees and behave like any other animal (Yang 4). However, here we encounter a monkey that wants to protest against all that and elevate itself to another level. It wants to behave like a god. In addition to this, the monkey wants to protest against the true nature of the monkeys by passing a rule that all monkeys must wear shoes just like human beings. This is another protest because generally, monkeys and all other animals do not wear shoes. For the monkeys, this would even make their life harder since they cannot climb trees while wearing shoes. The monkey becomes arrogant to other gods when he starts to demand that he should be treated like an equal. The leader of the gods, Tze-Yo-Tzuh, tells him, ‘you are what I created you to be.’ Tze-Yo-Tzuh further tells him that he made him from the rock (Yang 7). The monkey challenges the gods’ king to prove this and tries to run away, but the king catc hes him. After learning that he cannot change who he is, he still refuses to repent, and the king of the gods buries him under a mountain rock till a time when he realizes and accepts who he is. Here, Yang tries to prove that when we try to be different persons from what we are we will only end up hurting ourselves. Another protest that we encounter in this comical novel arises from a character, Jin Wang. At this point, Yang introduces us to a boy born of immigrant parents in the United States. His life in the states is virtually peaceful; however, when his family moves from San Francisco to a white dominated suburban region, his life changes. He finds that he is the only Chinese in the whole school, and this fact makes him a subject to the prejudice (Yang 31). This is the point where he begins protesting against his culture. He constantly has to tell the other children in the school that he was born in America, and that his family does not eat dogs. Yang, at this point exhibits ano ther protest, which is against his culture. Jin Wang does not want to be associated with the Chinese way of life yet this is his culture (Yang 31). Jin Wang struggles to fit in his white peers’ way of life in every aspect. He even eats sandwiches (Yang 37), food that is not common for his culture. Jin struggles to be like the whites even when he is not in the school environment. This is evident in the conversation that he has with an old lady about being what he wants to be. The lady replies by telling him, ‘

System of judging the plays in Ancient Athens Essay Example for Free

System of judging the plays in Ancient Athens Essay Do I think the system of judging the plays in Ancient Athens was a good one?  In Athens, theatre was a very important aspect, both of religion, and life for the Athenians. As it was a competition, every play would need a Judge. Or 10. Judging the plays was a very democratic system, and one that I feel was very effective.  To choose the judges, each tribe put names of citizens into a sealed urn. There were 10 tribes, each named after a mythical hero. They were:  Erechtheis – This tribe was named after the eponymous hero Erechtheus who was an early King of Athens, he was killed by Poseidon. Aegeis – Aegis was named after the hero Aegeus who was another early King of Athens, and the father of Theseus.  Pandionis – This tribe was named for the hero Pandion, who, once again, was an early King of Athens.  Leontis – Leontis was named after Leos, who was the son of Orpheus.  Akamentis – Named after Akamas who was the son of Theseus. Oineis Named after Oeneus, who was son of Dionysus.  Kekropis – Kekropis were named after the hero Kekrops who was another early King of Athens.  Hippothontis – Named for Hippothoon, who was a hero at Eleusis.  Aiantis – Aiantis was named after the great hero Aiax/Ajax who was a hero in the battle for Troy.  Antiochis – Named after Antiochos, son of Herakles. At the beginning of the Festival of Dionysia, the urns were broken open, and a name selected at random from each. The 10 people whose names were drawn, would become the Judges. This was a very good way to choose in my opinion, as it eliminated bribery (unless you were extremely rich) and you could choose to vote for yourself, or others. On the 5th day of the festival, after all the Tragedies had finished, each Judge would write down the names of the Playwrights in order of merit. The tablets were then placed in a sealed urn (again), and an Archon would draw out 5 of the 10 tablets. The Playwright with the most votes was declared the winner. There would be a separate judging for Comedy.  Overall, I think it was a fair, unbiased and very modern way of judging the plays. The democratic style of judging reflected on the City’s politicians, and was very clever, much like many other things accomplished by the Athenians.

Tiananmen Square Incident and the Chinese Government

Tiananmen Square Incident and the Chinese Government Question: Why did the Chinese Government crackdown on Student protestors during the Tiananmen Square Incident? Section 1: Identification and Evaluation of sourcesThis investigation will focus on the research question: Why did the Chinese government crackdown on Student Protestors during the Tiananmen Square Incident? This investigation focuses on the causes of the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989 The two sources I have chosen to analyze are the April 26 editorial from the Chinese Communist Party and the Autobiography of Zhao Ziyang, who was the General Secretary of the CCP, who was ousted due to the Tiananmen Square Massacre. These Sources help to shed the different perspectives within the CCP, which was split into the hardliners and the reformers. These two perspectives will thus show why the Chinese Government had decided to crack down on the Student Protestors during the Tiananmen Square Incident. The first source, the April 26Editorial[1] by the CCP, originated from the Propaganda Department in the Peoples Daily Newspaper, and ordered by Li Peng, a member of the standing committee, in response to the Tiananmen Protests taking place. This source is valuable firstly due to its Origin and Content. Its origin shed light on the CCPs official public position with regards to the Tiananmen Square Protest. By doing so, showed that the government was absolutely not in favor of the protests, and by throwing down the gauntlet, it was valuable as it possibly showed the rationale behind why the Chinese Government would intervene and stop these protestors. In addition to this, they chose to publish it in the Peoples Daily, the largest newspaper agency in China. By openly publicizing their opposition, it tries to possibly warn them about their actions, foreshadowing possible action against these protestors, and thus compelling them to stop their protests immediately. Furthermore, it has used extremely strong vocabulary to describe these protesters by labelling them as people who want to destabilize the entire country and advocating for the government to collapse. This strong wording is intended to stir up the feelings of anger within the General Population to not react to these protestors and to stop any possible potential protestors from joining in at Tiananmen. Furthermore, by putting such a label on them, it gives them a good reason to step in and possible defuse the situation in Tiananmen. However, the limitations of this Source is that as it is a propaganda piece originating from the CCP, it is inherently biased as it attempts to portray the student protestors in an incredibly negative light, by making assertions against them. They also play the victim card by portraying Deng Xiaoping and the CCP as being the victims in this situation. The inherent bias in this editorial as they were trying to put their foot down, makes the editorial to be not good explanation for cracking down on the student protestors as it was simply the CCP posturing against the student protestors, and trying to assert authority on the general public. The second source is an excerpt[2] from Zhao Ziyangs Autobiography. Zhao Ziyang was the Chinese Premier, and was seen as a reformer in the CCP. The origin of the source is valuable as it sheds an alternative view in the government, and it is also a primary source, which would suggest that this view is an unfiltered first person point of view. This source is prescriptive as it tells us what happened, thus making it valuable as he is trying to shed light on the secretive inner workings of the standing committee. In terms of content, he writes that he saw the protests as criticism against the government, in order to compel it to reform. This shows that that he held totally different views from those stated in the article and therefore, did not see a good reason to intervene in the Tiananmen protests, which is valuable as it showed that the entire standing committee did not agree with the characterization by Li Peng. However, the limitations to this source is that because it is a primary source, most of it was of the authors opinion, therefore should not be taken up as facts.   Zhao was also overthrown by the CCP in the power struggle during the Tiananmen massacre which would suggest that he would have a motive to assassinate Li Pengs character by portraying him as a hardliner and as cold blooded. Furthermore, the decision to publish the editorial by the standing committee was made when Zhao was not present as he was in North Korea on a state visit. Therefore his reasoning for why the editorial was published might be entirely based on his own opinions. Section 2: Investigation As seen from the evaluation of the two primary sources, the Standing Committee was split in two camps, the hardliners, who felt that the student protestors were out of hands and needed to be dealt with, or the reformers, believed that criticism in the greater scheme of things was good for the government. However, the Standing Committee had in the end, decided to declare martial law and crackdown on the protestors. This investigation investigates the reasons for the crackdown, and how did each reason impact the decision to crackdown on the protestors. The main reason for the crackdown were the political implications from the protests, with the primary reason being social unrest, with fear that the country was going to collapse. This brings in the main debate of this investigation, in what caused the Chinese government to make the decision to crackdown on Tiananmen. This has to be looked at from the fact that the government was split into the hardliners and the reformers, and thus the supplementary questions in this investigation was, How did the hardliners end up getting their way? And how did they view the protestors at Tiananmen such that it warranted such an approach? A huge reason for the decision to crackdown at Tiananmen was because the moderates in the standing committee had been purged. Prior to Tiananmen, the standing committee had held a vote in which it was stalemated at 2-2, with the hardliners, Li Peng and Yao Yilin voting in favor of Martial law, with Zhao Ziyang and Hu Qili voting against, and Qiao Shi abstaining.[3] This shows the true split nature of the Standing Committee. It was then referred to Deng Xiaoping and the party elders and they then supported Martial Law. However, the most significant part was that Deng Xiaoping supported Martial Law. According to Zhao Ziyangs diaries as well the Tiananmen papers, it was said that the April 26th editorial came out of a visit to Dengs house where he mentioned the turmoil faced by the country as a result of the student protests was a most serious political struggle.[4] Deng was seen as the paramount leader and exerted influence over the entire CCP. With Deng on the side of the hardliners, it set the stage for anyone against the crackdown to be purged. This connects to the reason for the purge, which was due to their split in the way they viewed the protests. The hardliners saw it as an act to disrupt the entire government while the reformers saw it as criticism to help them improve the government. From the hardliners perspective, they felt that it was in the public interest to crack down on the protestors. Public interest is defined by, Welfare of the general public (in contrast to the selfish interest of a person or group) in which the whole society has a stake and which warrants à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ protection by the government[5] These aims were to ensure that the country will not fall into turmoil and result in protests all over the country, leading to anarchy in China. This can be seen from official CCP transcripts and documents, and these include the 26th April editorial as well as the Li Pengs speech to a CCP conference of municipal and army officials declaring mar tial law. Firstly, the April 26th editorial[6] stated that these students wanted to poison peoples minds as well as plunge the country into chaos, and ends of by take positive action and quickly stop the disturbance. This shows that the CCP viewed these students are people trying to bring down the entire state institution and had to be stopped as it threatened everything that China had built such as a growing open economy with the four modernizations. By threatening the status quo, and framing the protestors in such a way, it shows that the CCP did want to ensure that the status quo remain and that the process of modernization could continue, bringing prosperity to the people. Secondly, when the CCP declared martial law in May, Li Peng outlined the reasons in which the Standing Committee had done it. He said that these protestors seek to form an opposition, creating a civil war in the process, which showed that he did it to stabilize the country to stop the historical retrogression[ 7]. Therefore, for the hardliners perspective, they did it in the public interests, which was the maintenance order and the status quo. The other perspective of this would be the reformers. In Zhao Ziyangs diaries, it states that they were absolutely not against the basic foundations of our system. Instead they were merely asking us to correct some of our flaws.[8] This shows that he was greatly opposed to the way that the hardliners saw the protestors, and encouraged greater dialogue between the two sides. This shows the contrast on how each side had already labelled the protestors, with the hardliners referring to them as people who want to throw the entire country into chaos, while the reformers had labelled them as people who want to reform the government not destroy the whole institution. This conflict would therefore require the hardliners to purge them as without that, the crackdown could not have taken place. To further reinforce the fact that the hardliners did not want to compromise on their view that these protestors were troublemakers and needed to be dealt with, a third perspective from the army is used. Former army generals had sent a letter opposing the crackdown, saying the peoples army belongs to the peoples army, they cannot oppose the people, but further cannot kill the people.[9] Despite this letter, the general who sent it got arrested. This further shows that the hardliners in the CCP were steadfast in their belief it was for the good of the people, and therefore needed to crackdown on the protestors, irregardless of the cost. In conclusion, the immediate reason for why the Government crack downed on Tiananmen was due to the fact that the moderates were purged, enabling them to have free reign over how to respond to the protestors. However, the major underlying factor was their desire to maintain public order in China, in order for china to not break out into civil war. There are other reasons however, which led to their concerns of the government collapsing. As Deng Xiaoping remarked, If things continue like this, we could even end up under house arrest.[10] These protests took place in the context of the Eastern European Countries overthrowing their communist governments and the government was afraid that due to that precedent, they might be overthrown and be put under house arrest. Reflection This investigation had given me a number of challenges. Firstly, there is a substantially less resources done on this topic as this topic is still controversial in the minds of many. The Chinese government had censored a lot of information about this. Therefore, to find sources which challenge each other was not easy. Furthermore due to the censorship, this research question was especially difficult considering that any mention of the June 4h incident is prohibited, as a result the method of investigation, especially for this topic was heavily dependent on the secondary data I could find. This would therefore lead to my next challenge. The challenges faced when doing a science investigation for example is vastly different, as you are able to test your science hypothesis through experiments but with history, you need to prove it based on sources and your inferences, thus making it a lot more subjective. Secondly, I was challenged with discerning which evidence was the most relevant an d could best illustrate my arguments. A lot of the evidence centered around what actually had happened, and not the causation for it, as the CCP does not release transcripts. Lastly, I realized that a historian must be able to discern the pre-existing biases due to the different sources having possible ulterior motives, in order to have an argument that is unbiased. However, is it possible to historical events are the truth as due to differing perspectives, it is hard to evaluate what the whole truth is. For example, what the CCP has prescribed as the truth becomes the truth in China. When I asked my Chinese friends about this incident, many of them had never heard of the Tiananmen Massacre, which shows the extent of censorship in China, contributing to the difficulty in obtaining sources. Appendix: April 26th editorial published in the Peoples Daily In their activities to mourn the death of Comrade Hu Yaobang, communists, workers, peasants, intellectuals, cadres, members of the Peoples Liberation Army and young students have expressed their grief in various ways. They have also expressed their determination to turn grief into strength to make contributions in realizing the four modernizations and invigorating the Chinese nation. Some abnormal phenomena have also occurred during the mourning activities. Taking advantage of the situation, an extremely small number of people spread rumors, attacked party and state leaders by name, and instigated the masses to break into the Xinhua Gate at Zhongnanhai, where the party Central Committee and the State Council are located. Some people even shouted such reactionary slogans as, Down with the Communist Party. In Xian and Changsha, there have been serious incidents in which some lawbreakers carried out beating, smashing, looting, and burning. Taking into consideration the feelings of grief suffered by the masses, the party and government have adopted an attitude of tolerance and restraint toward some improper words uttered and actions carried out by the young students when they were emotionally agitated. On April 22, before the memorial meeting was held, some students had already showed up at Tiananmen Square, but they were not asked to leave, as they normally would have been. Instead, they were asked to observe discipline and join in the mourning for Comrade Hu Yaobang. The students on the square were themselves able to consciously maintain order. Owing to the joint efforts by all concerned, it was possible for the memorial meeting to proceed in a solemn and respectful manner. However, after the memorial meeting, an extremely small number of people with ulterior purposes continued to take advantage of the young students feelings of grief for Comrade Hu Yaobang to spread all kinds of rumors to poison and confuse peoples minds. Using both big- and small-character post ers, they vilified, hurled invectives at, and attacked party and state leaders. Blatantly violating the Constitution, they called for opposition to the leadership by the Communist Party and the socialist system. In some of the institutions of higher learning, illegal organizations were formed to seize power from the student unions. In some cases, they even forcibly took over the broadcasting systems on the campuses. In some institutions of higher learning, they instigated the students and teachers to go on strike and even went to the extent of forcibly preventing students from going to classes, usurped the name of the workers organizations to distribute reactionary handbills, and established ties everywhere in an attempt to create even more serious incidents. These facts prove that what this extremely small number of people did was not to join in the activities to mourn Comrade Hu Yaobang or to advance the course of socialist democracy in China. Neither were they out to give vent to their grievances. Flaunting the banner of democracy, they undermined democracy and the legal system. Their purpose was to sow dissension among the people, plunge the whole country into chaos and sabotage the political situation of stability and unity. This is a planned conspiracy and a disturbance. Its essence is to, once and for all, negate the leadership of the CPC and the socialist system. This is a serious political struggle confronting the whole party and the people of all nationalities throughout the country. If we are tolerant of or conniving with this disturbance and let it go unchecked, a seriously chaotic state will appear. Then, the reform and opening up; the improvement of the economic environment and the rectification of the economic order, construction, and development; the control over prices; the improvement of our living standards; the drive to oppose corruption; and the development of democracy and the legal system expected by the people throughout the country, in cluding the young students, will all become empty hopes. Even the tremendous achievements scored in the reform during the past decade may be completely lost, and the great aspiration of the revitalization of China cherished by the whole nation will be hard to realize. A China with very good prospects and a very bright future will become a chaotic and unstable China without any future. The whole party and the people nationwide should fully understand the seriousness of this struggle, unite to take a clear-cut stand to oppose the disturbance, and firmly preserve the hard-earned situation of political stability and unity, the Constitution, socialist democracy, and the legal system. Under no circumstances should the establishment of any illegal organizations be allowed. It is imperative to firmly stop any acts that use any excuse to infringe upon the rights and interests of legitimate organizations of students. Those who have deliberately fabricated rumors and framed others should be in vestigated to determine their criminal liabilities according to law. Bans should be placed on unlawful parades and demonstrations and on such acts as going to factories, rural areas, and schools to establish ties. Beating, smashing, looting, and burning should be punished according to law. It is necessary to protect the just rights of students to study in class. The broad masses of students sincerely hope that corruption will be eliminated and democracy will be promoted. These, too, are the demands of the party and the government. These demands can only be realized by strengthening the efforts for improvement and rectification, vigorously pushing forward the reform, and making perfect our socialist democracy and our legal system under the party leadership. All comrades in the party and the people throughout the country must soberly recognize the fact that our country will have no peaceful days if this disturbance is not checked resolutely. This struggle concerns the success or failu re of the reform and opening up, the program of the four modernizations, and the future of our state and nation. Party organizations of the CPC at all levels, the broad masses of members of the Communist Party and the Communist Youth League, all democratic parties and patriotic democratic personages, and the people around the country should make a clear distinction between right and wrong, take positive action, and struggle to firmly and quickly stop the disturbance. Excerpt from Prisoner of the State, Zhao Ziyangs Autobiography With Li Peng presiding, Li Ximing and Chen Xitong vigorously presented the student demonstrations as a grave situation. They disregarded the fact that the student demonstrations had already calmed down. In fact, student opinions had begun diverging. Some of the students believed that they should resume classes and had already done so, while a minority opposed the return to classes. Internal friction had become apparent in some schools. Some of the students had attempted to resume classes, while other, more extreme students had blocked the entrances to the classrooms to prevent them from entering. This shows that for some students, the activities had not fully satisfied their need to vent their anger. If measures were to be taken to reduce tensions, to have dialogue, and to allow students the chance to propose certain reasonable requests, this was a good time to do so. However, in their report, they [Li Ximing and Chen Xitong] went so far as to state, Nationwide, large-scale demonstra tions including the participation of high school students and workers are being organized and are fomenting. They also reported that university students in Beijing have sent contacts to places around the country and have conducted fund-raising in the streets to prepare for activities on a larger scale. They denounced the extreme opinions of a few students, especially remarks directed specifically at Deng Xiaoping. They presented the demonstrations as opposing the Communist Party and targeting Deng Xiaoping personally. With the onset of reform, students, especially college students, had been exposed to many Western ways. Remarks critical of political leaders were made casually and considered inconsequential; the intense climate [of fear] that existed during the Cultural Revolution* and before no longer existed. Many of these student remarks targeted me, such as those that accused my children of making business deals utilizing official resources or those that claimed that trainloads o f fertilizer had been sent to my hometown. With hundreds of thousands of people involved, its impossible for there to have been no extreme or one-sided comments. Things appear extremely grave if you select only the ten most extreme statements being expressed by all of the people involved. I am not sure what was behind Li Ximing and Chen Xitongs behavior: either their old mentality of class struggle was at work or they had other ulterior motives. The student demonstration was deemed an organized and carefully plotted political struggle, and was documented as such in the minutes of the meeting. Li Peng, Li Ximing, and Chen Xitong were the ones initially responsible for this. On April 25, Li Peng and [President] Yang Shangkun reported to Deng Xiaoping about the Politburo Standing Committee meeting. Deng Xiaoping had always tended to prefer tough measures when dealing with student demonstrations because he believed that demonstrations undermined stability. After listening to their repor t, Deng immediately agreed to label the student demonstrations anti-Party, anti-socialist turmoil and proposed to resolve the situation quickly, in the manner of using a sharp knife to cut through knotted hemp. When I had visited him on April 19, he had agreed with my position. On the 25th, after being briefed by Li Peng and Yang Shangkun, he had changed his mind to agree with their assessment. After all, it coincided more closely with what he had really believed all along. Dengs discussion with Li Peng and others on April 25 was supposed to be an internal affair. However, Li Peng decided to disseminate the contents of Dengs remarks that very evening to Party cadres of all levels, and paraphrased their talk in the editorial that he had the Peoples Daily publish on April 26, publicly designating the student demonstrations as premeditated and organized turmoil with anti-Party and anti-socialist motives. Bibliography April 26 Editorial. April 26 Editorial. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2017. Zhao Ziyang, Bao Pu (Editor), Renee Chiang (Editor), Adi Ignatius (Editor). Prisoner of the State. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2017. Nathan, Andrew J. The Tiananmen Papers. Foreign Affairs, vol. 80, no. 1, 2001, Public interest. BusinessDictionary.com. WebFinance, Inc. March 18, 2017 Li Peng Speech Declares Martial Law. Li Peng Speech Declares Martial Law. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2017. Polumbaum, Judy. Making Sense of June 4, 1989: Analyses of the Tiananmen Tragedy. The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, no. 26, 1991, pp. 177-186., Abas, Melanie, and Jeremy Broadhead. The Tiananmen Square Massacre. BMJ: British Medical Journal, vol. 299, no. 6693, 1989, pp. 269-270., Ingraham, Catherine. Gate of Heavenly Peace. Assemblage, no. 20, 1993, pp. 44-45. [1] See Appendix 1.1 [2] See Appendix 1.2 [3] Nathan, Andrew J. The Tiananmen Papers. Foreign Affairs, vol. 80, no. 1, 2001, pp 22. [4] Nathan, Andrew J. The Tiananmen Papers. Foreign Affairs, vol. 80, no. 1, 2001, pp. 11, [5] public interest. BusinessDictionary.com. WebFinance, Inc. March 18, 2017 [6] See Appendix 1.1 [7] Li Peng Speech Declares Martial Law. Li Peng Speech Declares Martial Law. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2017. [8] Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2017. [9] (Chinese) Wu Renhua, 89à ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ©Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ©- ¨Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ §Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ®Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡5à ¦Ã…“ˆ21à ¦- ¥ à ¦Ã‹Å"Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¦Ã…“Å ¸Ãƒ ¦- ¥ N.p. N.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2017 [10] Nathan, Andrew J. The Tiananmen Papers. Foreign Affairs, vol. 80, no. 1, 2001, pp. 20,

Societal And Cultural Norms Of Sexualities Sociology Essay

Societal And Cultural Norms Of Sexualities Sociology Essay Sexuality is believed to be shaped by social and cultural norms; however, it is also recognized that sexuality is shaped by other social differences such as gender, race/ethnicity and class. In general, norms are identified as social rules and expectations which guide individual or group behavior. Many cultures reflect their social norms on sexuality by identifying what is considered as normal and acceptable sexual behavior within society. According to Costa and Wood (2005, p9) sexuality is an integral part of the human experience with physical, emotional, intellectual, social and spiritual dimensions. While deeply personal, sexuality occurs within specific social, economic, cultural, political and religious contexts. These contexts, in turn, strongly shape an individuals sexual experience through possibilities and limitations, as well as structuring their social outcome. In order to understand sexuality and how it is shaped, we must identify other forms of social and cultural contex ts in which it is constituted. This essay will illustrate sexuality through social and cultural norms. I will discuss the impact of socially constructed sexuality, which is ultimately shaped by certain forms of social differences. In saying so, the endeavour over sexuality is deeply significant, as it not only demonstrates how societies behave towards one another, but how societies are able to maintain acceptance to coexist. The function of norms is to coordinate the expectations in individual interactions; as norms impose consistency of behavior within a given social group, but often vary substantially among groups (Durlauf Bloom 2008). In saying so, all human sexuality is socially constructed though a wider spectrum; shaped by social differences in gender, class structure and specific historical stipulations. Most cultures contain social norms with regard to sexuality. Particular guidelines are put forward to be followed and obeyed in order to be socially accepted. Abiding by social norms, maintains an individuals acceptance within a group; alternatively, ignoring the social norm puts an individual at risk by becoming unaccepted or in extreme situations even becoming a social outcast. For instance, it is suggested that sexual acts are ranked hierarchically. The positive social norm is identified as a heterosexual marriage, which ultimately ranks at number one on the top of the hierarchy. Consequently, masturbation, homosexuality, adultery and other sexualities that deviate from societal norms are ranked closer to the bottom, with very little or no tolerance at all. One approach that focuses primarily on the sociology of sexuality is sexual scripts. Flood (2010) states that sexual scripts are guidelines that help define who, where, when and why individuals have sex. They are social rules, regulations and roles which guide appropriate and acceptable sexual behaviour. Sexual scripts come from various sources such as; family, peers, media and institutions. Kornblum (2008, p203) suggests that the concept of sexual script is a metaphor that helps explain differences between sexual expectations and actual sexual conduct. Research has indicated that most people have not memorized actual scripts to guide their sexual activity, but they do have definite ideas about sexual conduct that influence the way they sexually behave. The concept of sexual scripts emphasizes the social and cultural influences on sexual behaviour and this is seen more influential as opposed to the biological and natural framework of sexuality. Another form of representation shaped by society is gendered constructions of sexuality. The development of sexuality is reflected by gender. Gender differences in sexual behaviour are often included in gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure and intimacy. Sexuality is generally constructed through, fantasies, and desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviours, practices, roles and relationships. The modern ideology of sexuality is that lust is the province of men and purity that of a woman. Flood (2010) illustrates several examples regarding gendered scripts for sexual relations as; male sexuality is seen as uncontrollable, sex is organized around mens pleasure, women are objects rather than subjects of sexuality, women as the gatekeepers and the guardians of sexual safety and health, and sexual double standard and the policing of female sexual reputation. Parker and Aggleton (p,170) express the socially constructed assumption that even pornography and pervasions have been considered part of a male domain. It is apparent that gender differences and inequalities exist; ideologies have claimed that women as opposed to men should be pure prior to marriage. Ilkkaracan and Jolly (2007) argue the norms around sexuality and what is considered acceptable according to context. They suggest that in many cultures there is a huge pressure to be married and sometimes forced to an early marriage. Other kinds of sexual behavior such as lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender are discouraged by social stigma with legal penalties made apparent. A commonly shared ideology is to be a proper man or proper woman and to conform to gender stereotypes and express desires for or have relations only with people of the opposite sex. In the early eighteenth century distinctive minorities emerged and were labeled as homosexuals. However, society emerged and opposed their sexuality, and drew the line with social norms. This was perceived as a taboo to traditional masculine behaviour. Men are generally assumed to have greater access than women to the pleasures of sexuality. This is socially constructed though ideological perspectives that men; are risk takers, insensitive, sexually sinful, have a high sex drive and sexually experienced. On the other hand, the gendered constructions of womens sexuality represent them as innocent, sensitive, slut or frigid, responsible with regard to pregnancy and STIs, passive in sex, seduced and ignorant (Flood 2010). Although apparent social and cultural norms create gender differences in sexual behavior, it is believed that womens sexual experience is coming closer to mens. This is due to the sexual revolution and womens movements (Flood 2010). However the gender inequalities continue to be present, with men in contrast to women having more pleasurable sex. Further closely related to this concept is the theory of the sexual double standard. Although it is recognized that the primary principle is that all people, regardless of th eir gender, class, age, religion, marital status and race/ethnicity have the right to decide on their sexuality. The term double standard is a set of principles or provisions, generally situated to social norms and is perceived as either acceptable or unacceptable. Kornblum (p,406) describes sexual double standard as the belief that women must adhere to a different more restrictive social or moral code than that applied to men. The sociological view on double standards is shown to suggest that sexuality is divides women in to good if they are wives and virgins, and bad if they are sexually active and prostitutes (Randall Waylen p,86).However mens sexual behavior is free of social constraint. Flood (2010) describes two standards of sexual behaviour, one for men and one for women, associated with having sex and various sexual partners. Additionally, womens sexual behavior is socially policed and highly controlled in comparison to mens. Further, women who are sexually active are believed to be sluts as opposed to men who are known as studs. Consequently, sexual reputations are socially controlled ; this can be to an individuals advantage or disadvantage, depending on the gratification of the social norms.

Fats in the American Diet Essay -- Essays Papers

Fats in the American Diet There has been a myth in our society for the last few decades about fats. Ever since the USDA created the food pyramid in the early 80’s, the feeling towards fats has been that all types are bad for one’s health and should be consumed at a minimum. However, more recent studies have shown that not all fats are detrimental, and some are necessary in maintaining healthy bodies. Certain types are helpful for reducing the risk of cancer, high cholesterol, and heart disease. Without fats the body could not absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K because they help move the supplements into the bloodstream where the vitamins get absorbed (Graham par. 2). Simple actions like a regular consumption of nuts, helps aid in lowering the risk of heart disease and diabetes 2 (Medical Update par. 6). There are many different types of fats in our diet. Monounsaturated and Omega-3 and 6 fats are the healthiest forms, while saturated and trans-fats are the worst kinds. While a gram of any type of fa t contains the same amount of calories (nine per gram) the health benefits are definitely not equal (Good, Bad Fats par. 1). This paper will look into the different types of fats and their impact both positively and negatively on the individual. It will provide information on popular diets, and a look into the current USDA’s food pyramid which is under pressure to be reevaluated. Nutritional ingredients in foods that people consume on a regular basis will also be examined. Within the past few years a new commercial fat product developed by Proctor & Gamble has been developed. This commodity is called olestra and it has been surrounded by controversy. This raises the issue of whether government should be involved in any of the health de... ... Aug2003, Vol. 237 Issue 2 - â€Å"Heart Smart Advice Updated for 2000: More Fat. But Make it ‘Mono’ Please† by Golub, Catherine, Environmental Nutrition, Jul99, Vol. 22, Issue 7 - Hellmich, Nancy. â€Å"Atkins, South Beach, or Dr. Phil? An expert rates the books.† USA Today 15 Jan. 2004. - â€Å"Monounsaturated fat Appears Protective against Breast Cancer†, Women’s Health Weekly, 01/19/98 - â€Å"New Food Labels Help Consumers avoid the Worst Fats.† Consumer Reports, Dec. 2003 - â€Å"A New Healthy Food Pyramid† Medical Update (source included in back, no other info) - â€Å"The New Rules of Fat†, By: Schuler, Lou, Men’s Health, Nov2002, Vol. 17, Issue 9. - Sienko, Michell J. and Robert A. Plane. 1966 chemistry: Principles and Properties. McGraw-Hill Co., NY. - Stanton, Michele. â€Å"The Atkins Diet Reconsidered.† Prevention, Jan. 2003, Vol. 55, Issue 1 Fats in the American Diet Essay -- Essays Papers Fats in the American Diet There has been a myth in our society for the last few decades about fats. Ever since the USDA created the food pyramid in the early 80’s, the feeling towards fats has been that all types are bad for one’s health and should be consumed at a minimum. However, more recent studies have shown that not all fats are detrimental, and some are necessary in maintaining healthy bodies. Certain types are helpful for reducing the risk of cancer, high cholesterol, and heart disease. Without fats the body could not absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K because they help move the supplements into the bloodstream where the vitamins get absorbed (Graham par. 2). Simple actions like a regular consumption of nuts, helps aid in lowering the risk of heart disease and diabetes 2 (Medical Update par. 6). There are many different types of fats in our diet. Monounsaturated and Omega-3 and 6 fats are the healthiest forms, while saturated and trans-fats are the worst kinds. While a gram of any type of fa t contains the same amount of calories (nine per gram) the health benefits are definitely not equal (Good, Bad Fats par. 1). This paper will look into the different types of fats and their impact both positively and negatively on the individual. It will provide information on popular diets, and a look into the current USDA’s food pyramid which is under pressure to be reevaluated. Nutritional ingredients in foods that people consume on a regular basis will also be examined. Within the past few years a new commercial fat product developed by Proctor & Gamble has been developed. This commodity is called olestra and it has been surrounded by controversy. This raises the issue of whether government should be involved in any of the health de... ... Aug2003, Vol. 237 Issue 2 - â€Å"Heart Smart Advice Updated for 2000: More Fat. But Make it ‘Mono’ Please† by Golub, Catherine, Environmental Nutrition, Jul99, Vol. 22, Issue 7 - Hellmich, Nancy. â€Å"Atkins, South Beach, or Dr. Phil? An expert rates the books.† USA Today 15 Jan. 2004. - â€Å"Monounsaturated fat Appears Protective against Breast Cancer†, Women’s Health Weekly, 01/19/98 - â€Å"New Food Labels Help Consumers avoid the Worst Fats.† Consumer Reports, Dec. 2003 - â€Å"A New Healthy Food Pyramid† Medical Update (source included in back, no other info) - â€Å"The New Rules of Fat†, By: Schuler, Lou, Men’s Health, Nov2002, Vol. 17, Issue 9. - Sienko, Michell J. and Robert A. Plane. 1966 chemistry: Principles and Properties. McGraw-Hill Co., NY. - Stanton, Michele. â€Å"The Atkins Diet Reconsidered.† Prevention, Jan. 2003, Vol. 55, Issue 1

The High School Band Room :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

The High School Band Room It is impossible to fully comprehend the appeal to the Gulf Coast High School Band Room unless you are actually a member of the band. All members of the Gulf Coast High School marching band spend the majority of their time in the band room, which is like a second home for most. The room itself does not appear to be anything special. It is a large room with a high ceiling, bright fluorescent lighting, and pink and green padding on the walls. The hallway maintains a terrible odor which nobody can quite determine the source of, and the white, vinyl tile floor is covered in a layer of disgusting things one can only dream of. Still, for some reason it remains a haven to about twelve percent of the student body. At first glance, it does not look like anything special, but when you open that big, gray door and step into the â€Å"band world† it becomes clear that it really is an amazing and wonderful place. It feels like the center of the universe. In the band room, everybody has a purpose and everybody has a group of friends who are always there when they are needed. The whole band already spends a lot of time in the band room due to the busy schedule of practices, classes, football games, and band trips, so it quickly becomes a familiar location for all band members. So much time is spent in the band room after school that nobody even equates band with school anymore. The band room is often the place where people take refuge when school gets to be too much for them. Everyone knows what to expect from the band room. It is the one thing that never changes. Every day there is always someone playing music on the stereo system, someone practicing, someone making people laugh, someone complaining, and someone studying. It is always the same thing. When you cannot depend on consistency anywhere else, you can always depend on it in the band room. Another aspect of the band room that lures people in is comedy. There is always something entertaining going on. Imagine a place where nobody is worried about what other people think. First impressions don’t matter in the band room. Everyone is free to be themselves, and when people are themselves it gets interesting. The band room is my favorite place in Naples because, as a member of the band, I have spent a great deal of my spare time there, and it is the location I associate with all of my friends.

Rental Income Essay -- Business, Taxes

In order to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year, at least 95% of a REIT’s gross income must be derived from sources such as dividends, interest, and 75% of income from items related to certain real property. The items of income related to real estate assets are listed under IRC  §856(c)(3) which includes, among other sources, rents from real property, interest on obligations secured by real property or on interests in real property, gain from the sale or other disposition of real property that is not inventory or dealer property, and dividends and gains from the sale or orther disposition of shares in other qualifying REITs. For the purpose of the income tests described above, IRC  § 856(d)(1) provides that the term rents from real property includes â€Å"rents from interests in real property, charges for services customarily furnished or rendered in connection with the rental of real property, whether or not such charges are separately stated, and rent attributable to personal property which is leased under, or in connection with, a lease of real property, but only if the rent attributable to such personal property for the taxable year does not exceed 15 percent of the total rent for the taxable year attributable to both the real and personal property leased under, or in connection with, such lease†. To provide guidance with regard to tiered partnerships, the Treasury prescribed Reg.  § 1.856-3(g) which states that a REIT is permitted to look through a partnership in which it is a partner for the purposes of applying the income tests of IRC  § 856(c)(2) and IRC  § 856(c)(3). This regulation section provides that a REIT is deemed to own a proportionate share of each of the assets of the partnership and that it is deemed to be ent... ...hall be issued to provide that certain items of gross income will not be taken into account in determining income or loss from any activity. The court could not justify treating IRC  §469(l)(1) as self-executing and IRC  §469(l)(2) as not being self-executing. The court stated that there was intent to promulgate regulations to carry out a statutory purpose and the fact that regulations are not forthcoming cannot be an acceptable basis to preclude taxpayer from congressionally intended and appropriate relief. In addition, the court emphasized that Hillman’s approach in netting his share of self-charged management fee expense with gross income from the activities fulfills the economic significance concern. The taxpayer did not experience accretion in wealth. The court did not see an economic difference between this situation and one involving self-charged lending.

National Airspace System

MGMT 203 Management for Aeronautical Science Manager’s Perspective Paper – The National Airspace System (NAS) March 16, 2013 Prepared for Dr. Daniel Nation Lecturer Prepared by Ong Wei Jian Lionel Introduction In this report, we will be looking at the National Airspace System (NAS). We will be taking an in depth look at the overview and the infrastructure of the NAS, discuss about the FAA Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), and also examine the future needs of the National Airspace System.Overview of the NAS The National Airspace System is defined as a complex combination of systems, procedures, facilities, aircraft, and personnel which work together as one system to ensure safe and efficient air travel in the United States. The NAS consists of several components, and these include: †¢ NAS Operational Facilities (unstaffed) †¢ Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC) †¢ Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCT) †¢ Ground Radios and Radar Sy stems †¢ Airports †¢ Aircrafts (commercial, private, and military) Airline Personnel (operating, maintaining, and modernizing the system) †¢ Passengers (commercial and military) Infrastructure of the NAS The NAS helps to maintain a safe and efficient flight over the US airspace by allowing all control towers, control centers, radios, radars, and many airports to be interconnected to one another to form a NAS operational communications network. This NAS communications network helps pilots to communicate with air traffic controllers and airline operation centers to ensure a safe flight as they travel over the airspace.There are a three systems that make up the NAS, and these include the Digital Airport Surveillance Radar (DASR) System, the Voice Communication Switching System (VCSS), and the Department of Defense (DoD) Advanced Automation System, or DAAS for short. The DASR System is a traffic air control radar system that helps to detect aircraft position and weather c onditions in the vicinity of civilian and military airfields. It consists of two main electronic subsystems: the primary surveillance radar and the secondary surveillance radar, which make use of electromagnetic waves reflected off aircraft to monitor their positions.The VCSS is the communications system used to manage the voice communications of any Air Traffic Control (ATC) facility. The VCSS must be able to support all analog and digital communications between the DoD, the ATC facilities, and the pilots. The DAAS is a system that is used to retrieve and process radar data, flight plans, and weather / airport environmental data to support DoD ATC services. The system transmits part or all of this processed data to a display or workstation (within geographical proximity) for air traffic controllers to access in order for them to control and monitor the activities in the airspace.FAA NextGen Air Transportation System The NextGen program is an initiative developed by the Federal Avia tion Administration (FAA) to help improve the efficiency, convenience and dependability of the NAS. The NextGen modernization of the U. S. air traffic system seeks to increase the efficiency of the NAS through technological advancements; and as well as improved approaches and procedures. The NextGen program plans to make use of satellite navigation, which will allow pilots to know the precise locations of other airplanes around them and enhance the overall safety of air travel.Airports are now already benefitting from the NextGen program. These new capabilities include the national rollout of a network of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) ground transceivers. These transceivers will receive GPS position reports from aircraft equipped with ADS-B Out (an upgrade required by 2020 for aircraft flying in most controlled airspace); and by 2013, these transceivers will be installed to provide nationwide coverage. Air traffic data such as Traffic Information Service-Broadca st (TIS-B) and Flight Information Service-Broadcast (FIS-B) will be transmitted by the ADS-B transceivers.The FAA also tested a newly automated Collaborative Departure Queue Management (CDQM) system that aims to help airports improve departure management. The FAA is also putting in place tools that will enable airport operators, airlines, and other NAS users better access to shared surface surveillance data, which is vital for safe and efficient airport operations. The Future Needs of the NAS The current features of the NAS unfortunately, are not sufficient to guarantee efficient or uninterrupted operation in the future.The greater interconnectivity of systems brought about by the NextGen program means that the cyber risks to the NAS are also increased. The future cyber security needs of the NAS require a change in both the NAS infrastructure and safety culture in order to be effective against increased the potential cyber risks that will follow. Improved cyber security requires cha nges to the present NAS safety provisions. More safety reviews for continual monitoring is needed. Actions and responsibilities of each and every NAS staff now have to be carefully scrutinized and taken into consideration.Responsibilities of system administrators and network operators have to be expanded, from maintaining the performance of the system to detecting intrusive actions. Improved cyber security also requires changes to the current NAS infrastructure. Data provided by external partners and actions requested by external partners have to be made sure that they are not malicious in intent. The existing cyber security architecture also has to be modified and upgraded accordingly to counteract the changing cyber threats, all in a short timeframe; whilst not compromising on the operations of the NAS during these infrastructure changes and modifications.References †¢ NextGen for Airports. Retrieved March 15, 2013 from the Federal Aviation Administration website: http://www. faa. gov/nextgen/qanda/airports/ †¢ What is NextGen? Retrieved March 15, 2013 from the Federal Aviation Administration website: http://www. faa. gov/nextgen/slides/? slide=1 †¢ Houston, Sarina (n. d. ). The National Airspace System Explained. Retrieved March 15, 2013 from website: http://aviation. about. com/od/Air-Traffic-Control/a/The-National-Airspace-System-Explained. htm Wadas, Burt (n. d. ). National Airspace System (NAS) Overview. Retrieved March 16, 2013 from Armed Forces Communication and Electronics Association (AFCEA) website: http://www. afceaboston. com/documents/events/cnsatm2011/Briefs/01-Monday/07-Wadas-HBAG%20NationalAirspaceSystemOverview. pdf †¢ Williams, James H. (February 2011). National Airspace System Security Cyber Architecture. Retrieved March 16, 2013 from The Mitre Corporation website: http://www. mitre. org/work/tech_papers/2011/10_4169/10_4169. pdf

Organic Food Industry Analysis Essay

The natural overlaps attention has shown consistent return over the last 25 course of studys, ontogeny 3,400% (Flynn, 2014). The extreme perseverance earned $35 billion in 2014 up from $1 billion in 1990 (Flynn, 2014). Credited with macrocosm the primary mart force drivers, regimen for thought safety and health concerns live with been control the fabrication since the end of the 2009 deferral. This research base examines the native products industry and identifies how try and petition affects future prices of original products. original persistence outline 3 Organic exertion Analysis This paper provides a drumhead mart analysis of the entire nourishment and product industry.The paper provides background and exposition of the constitutive(a) product securities industry. The paper examines U. S. and globose commercialise trends of the constituent(a) forage and product industry by examining regard and add for complete products. This paper identifies key incase store sellers and describes their roles in driving the extreme fodder for thought industry. Analyzing various studies from the USDA and its frugal enquiry Section (ERS) identified the driving market forces rat the popularity of the thoroughgoing nourishments and products, which atomic lean 18 the improvement of health and reduction of pesticides from individualistic diets.The purpose of this paper is to identify market trends and the driving forces behind the spherical constitutional regimen and product market. The driving forces behind the fundamental nutriment market be health sensible millennials and new mothers who postulate to strangle chemicals from their diet. Background and Description The precondition positive has been the topic of controversy for academics and cable leaders since the 1940s. The controversy involves several(prenominal) sub-topics overmuch(prenominal) as lack of inter subject field standards for radicals, embroil cont amination of organic products during transport, genetic eachy modified organisms (GMO), chemicals and pesticides, and costs to contract organic goods.The description of organic is made or fully grown without the use of artificial chemicals (Organic, 2015). The premise of organic food is non new however, the knowledgeability of subject standards has objectively standardized what whitethorn be considered an organic product. As the global population grows, the look at for food has ca apply farmers to emergence efficacy and reduce crop toss off however, the methodology utilized to preserve crops whitethorn be more(prenominal) of a blemish to human health resulting in the naughty regard for unpolluted food sources and products. organic fertiliser constancy ANALYSIS 4 train The organic food market was provision driven for many geezerhood however, demand now drives the organic market (Dimitri & Oberholtzer, 2009, p. 10). The demand for organic products is increasing ever y year as people use peripheral analysis to justify the toweringer write off for organic products Do the benefits out heaviness the costs? Consumer mistrust in schematic food producers, who add harmful dyes, trans-fats, and high fructose corn syrups to products, is another(prenominal) variable quantity driving the organics market.Environmentalists argon withal another market force mechanism contri exactlye to the demand for organic products because organic nation reduces environmental pollution. The emergence of organic food is directly linked to an amalgam of food safety and health concerns, which directly plug in to ingestion of chemicals used to grow, treat, and preserve foods.The organic food industry has shown consistent global suppuration over the last both decades and is projected to continue to grow until 2018 (Research and markets adds story United States organic food market physical composition 2013-2018, 2014). The organic food market has grown 3,400 % in th e last 25 years (Flynn, 2014).Organics atomic number 18 divided into several categories such(prenominal) as, fruits and vegetables, dairy, meat, and packaged organic products. In 2014 annual organic food gross sales, mainly fruits and vegetables, reached $35 billion, $290 billion if packaged products atomic number 18 included, up from $1 billion in 1990s (Flynn, 2014). The United States and Europe shit the highest demand for organic products comp atomic number 18d to other nations (Lohr, n. d. p. 68). Identifying effectiveness organic product consumers is a challenge, but some market research has shown consumers who charter to purchase organic products argon broadly well educated, millennials, higher income families, and households with children (Dimitri & Oberholtzer, 2009, ORGANIC effort ANALYSIS 5 p. 4-5).The United States consumes just about 44% of the global organics market followed by Europe at 41% (Aggarwal, 2014 p. 3). The remain countries that contribute to the c onsumption and export of organic foods may have difficulty in exporting goods imputable to individual national standards and export acts (Aggarwal, 2014 p. 3). exact for organic products is not central to one part of the valet many countries and cultures realize the importance of go through and through foods destitute of harmful chemicals.Supply Demand has grown for organic products however, there is a shortage of organic farming land, which may negatively impact supply. The organic industry is constrained by its supply stove there are only so many farms to produce organic goods and organic goods can only be shipped so far. According to the 2012 U. S. Census of Agriculture, there are now around 17,000 organic farms in the U. S. out of an estimated 2. 1 million summarise farms acreage used for organic agribusiness accounts for just 0. 6 percent of all U. S. farmland, while organic food sales piss up over 4 percent of the total annual food sales.(Young, 2014) The organic farm s hortage is an all-important(a) variable to the organic industry because consumers who melt down to purchase organic products generally urgency to support local farmers in a grass roots type of front line excluding climate specific food such as, bananas, coffee, limes, and pineapples (Greene, 2013). Contributing to the supply shortage in the United States are morose national standards set in place by the USDA and strict requirements for dominance farmers flavour to transition into the organic industry.Also add to the shortage in organic food and ORGANIC INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 6 products are large incase retail stores, such as Whole regimen Markets, Wal-Mart, Tesco, and Target. Wal-Mart is the United States largest grocer and is competing for organic goods to remain belligerent against its competitors, such as Target, which has made agreements with organic producers to supply products for its stores (Hopkinson, 2014). Partnering with organic companies, large retail boxful store s have created their own brands of organic products to reduce costs associated with providing customers a broad range of product choice. Price Changes collectible to Supply and DemandHistorically, organic food is more expensive than conventional food (Dimitri & Oberholtzer, 2009, p. 5). Organic food prices come with a premium due to costs knobbed in growing and harvesting crops. Prices are set through the suppliers because the organic standards bind the certification of potential farmers. The certification cover slows down potential farmers accounting entry the industry, which reduces the number of producers procurable to farm the produce and make products. The reduction in organic products available reduces supply and increases demand.Market shelf placements of organic foods are fetching premiums and farmers are realizing the advantages of enter the market. As demand rises for organic products, the modern producers are not able to bind sufficient crop production compared to industry growth. In any competitive market, when demand rises so does opportunity.Due to the premium prices associated with producing products in the organic industry, many farmers may potentially conform to industry standards and convert their farms. The potential for commercial organic farms may also increase due to the needed growth of the industry. As more tilt enters the organic industry, prices will drop.Large retail box stores, such as Whole aliment Markets, Wal-Mart, Tesco, and Target may also have a significant effect on the price of organic ORGANIC INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 7 foods and products. Wal-Marts working out into the organic market has the capability to reduce organic food prices alone due to the numbers of stores across the nation. In conclusion, the undeniable growth in the organic industry is a product of consumer mistrust of conventional growers, mainly due to toxic chemicals used in the production of food.The growth of the organic food industry is directly rel ated to food safety and health conscious consumers who do not mind outgo more money to consume uncontaminated products. Consumer demand has been the driving force of much of the organic industry since the end of the recession in 2009.The high consumer demand for organic food is part of an initiative from learned people, millennials, higher income families, and households with children, resulting in a 3,400% in the last 25 years creating a $35 billion industry (Flynn, 2014). With the high demand for organic goods, suppliers are unable to maintain sustainable level operations due to lack of organic farmland. some(prenominal) of the problems associated with the organic food industry are centered on strict certifications that are necessary to maintain product honor the stringent certifications are creating supply shortages. The strict organic standards hinder potential farmers from entering into the organic industry. For example, farmers must be pesticide free for at least three yea rs before being certified to produce organic food. Large retail box stores are recognizing the growth of the organic food industry and are currently adding more products annually, but even so, demand exceeds supplies.As the organic food industry continues to grow, prices for organic goods should reduce due to the increased competition in the market. ORGANIC INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 8.References Aggarwal, P. (2014). Supply chain management of topically grown organic food A leap toward sustainable development. Retrieved from http//www. cognizant. com/InsightsWhitepapers/Supply-Chain-Management-of-Locally- grown-Organic-Food-A-Leap-Toward-Sustainable-Development-codex928. pd Dimitri, C. , & Oberholtzer, L. (2009). selling U. S. organic foods recent trends from farms to consumers. USDA, Economic Research Service, (58). Retrieved from http//www. ers. usda.gov/media/185272/eib58_1_. pdf Flynn, D. (2014). Report Organic industry achieved 25 years of fast growth through fear and deception, Food Sa fety News. Retrieved from, http//www. foodsafetynews. com/2014/04/report-fast-growing-organics-industry-is- intentionally-deceptive/. VL0ILWd0xjo Greene, C. (2013). process patterns in the U. S. organic industry. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/1518534011? accountid=35796 Hopkinson, J. (2014). Will Wal-Mart run out up organic food supply? Retrieved from http//www. politico. com/story/2014/04/walmart-organic-food-105631. html Lohr, L. (n.d. ). Factors affecting multinational demand and trade in organic food products. USDA, Economic Research Service. Retrieved from http//www. ers. usda. gov/media/293617/wrs011j_1_. pdf ORGANIC INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 9 Organic. (2015).In Merriam-Webster. com. Retrieved from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/organic Research and markets adds report United States organic food market report 2013-2018. (2014). Manufacturing Close Up, Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/1498350288? accountid=35796 Young, T. (2014). O rganic check-off. Retrieved from https//ota. com/organic-check.